Basic type system

Numerical types

Type bytes Bits Minimum value Maximum Value
byte 1 8 0 255
sbyte 1 8 -127 127
short 2 16 -32 768 32 767
ushort 2 16 0 65 535
int 4 32 -2 147 483 648 2 147 483 647
uint 4 32 0 4 294 967 295
long 8 64 -9 223 372 036 854 775 808 9 223 372 036 854 775 807
ulong 8 64 0 18 446 744 073 709 551 615
Int128 16 128 -170 141 183 460 469 231 731 687 303 715 884 105 728 170 141 183 460 469 231 731 687 303 715 884 105 727
UInt128 16 128 0 340 282 366 920 938 463 463 374 607 431 768 211 455
nint 4 or 8 32 or 64 platform dependent signed integer platform dependent signed integer
nuint 4 or 8 32 or 64 platform dependent unsigned integer platform dependent unsigned integer
float 4 32 -3.4028235 x 1038 3.4028235 x 1038
double 8 64 -1.7976931348623157 x 10308 1.7976931348623157 x 10308
decimal 16 128 -7.92 x 10 28 7.92 x 10 28
Half 2 16 -65 504 65 504

Note: nint and nuint represent the platforms native integer type. For 32 bit systems this will be a 32 bit integer, so the limitations and properties of int or uint aplies. On 64 bit systems the limitations and properties of long and ulong applies.

Smallest representable number in floating types, that is not zero:

  • decimal: 1.0 x 10-28
  • double : 5.0 x 10-324
  • float : 1.0 x 10-45
  • Half: 6.0 x 10-8

Numerical types provided by .NET

  • System.Numerics.BigInteger : Represents an arbitrarily large signed integer.
  • System.Numerics.Complex : Represents a complex number.
  • System.Numerics.Matrix3x2 : Represents a 3x2 matrix.
  • System.Numerics.Matrix4x4 : Represents a 4x4 matrix.
  • System.Numerics.Plane : Represents a plane in three-dimensional space.
  • System.Numerics.Quaternion : Represents a vector that is used to encode three-dimensional physical rotations.
  • System.Numerics.Vector2 : Represents a vector with two single-precision floating-point values.
  • System.Numerics.Vector3 : Represents a vector with three single-precision floating-point values.
  • System.Numerics.Vector4 : Represents a vector with four single-precision floating-point values.

Base class hierarchy under the hood

baseclasses #direction: right #spacing: 10 #gravity: .8 #arrowSize: 4 #title: baseclasses [Object] <:- [ValueType] <:- [Enum] [Object] <:- [Array] [Object] <:- [DynamicObject] [Object] <:- [ExpandoObject] [DynamicObject| Provides a base class for specifying dynamic behavior at run time.| ❗This class must be inherited from\; you cannot instantiate it directly.] [ExpandoObject| Represents an object whose members can be dynamically added and removed at run time.] [Array| Provides methods for creating, manipulating, searching, and sorting arrays, thereby serving as the base class for all arrays in the common language runtime.| ⚠️ You cannot derive from this special class] [ValueType| Provides the base class for value types.for enumerations.| ⚠️ You cannot derive from this special class] [Enum| Provides the base class for enumerations.| ⚠️ You cannot derive from this special class] [Object| Supports all classes in the .NET class hierarchy and provides low-level services to derived classes. This is the ultimate base class of all .NET classes\; it is the root of the type hierarchy.] Object Supports all classes in the .NET class hierarchy and provides low-level services to derived classes. This is the ultimate base class of all .NET classes; it is the root of the type hierarchy. ValueType Provides the base class for value types.for enumerations. ⚠️ You cannot derive from this special class Enum Provides the base class for enumerations. ⚠️ You cannot derive from this special class Array Provides methods for creating, manipulating, searching, and sorting arrays, thereby serving as the base class for all arrays in the common language runtime. ⚠️ You cannot derive from this special class DynamicObject Provides a base class for specifying dynamic behavior at run time. ❗This class must be inherited from; you cannot instantiate it directly. ExpandoObject Represents an object whose members can be dynamically added and removed at run time.

Base classes

Generic Math Interfaces

genericmath1 #spacing: 10 #gravity: .8 #arrowSize: 4 #title: genericmath1 [INumberBase\<T\>| Defines the base of other number types.] [INumber\<T\>|Defines a number type.] [ISignedNumber\<T\>|Defines a number type which can represent both positive and negative values.] [IUnsignedNumber<Tself>|Defines a number type that can only represent positive values.] [IBinaryNumber\<T\>|Defines a number that is represented in a base-2 format.] [IBinaryInteger\<T\>|Defines an integer type that is represented in a base-2 format.] [IFloatingPoint\<T\>|Defines a floating-point type.] [IFloatingPointIeee754\<T\>|Defines an IEEE 754 floating-point type.] [IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754\<T\>|Defines an IEEE 754 floating-point type that is represented in a base-2 format.] [INumberBase\<T\>] <:-- [ISignedNumber\<T\>] <:-- [IFloatingPoint\<T\>] <:-- [IFloatingPointIeee754\<T\>] <:-- [IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754\<T\>] [INumberBase\<T\>] <:-- [IUnsignedNumber<Tself>] [INumberBase\<T\>] <:-- [INumber\<T\>] <:-- [IBinaryNumber\<T\>] <:-- [IBinaryInteger\<T\>] INumberBase<T> Defines the base of other number types. INumber<T> Defines a number type. ISignedNumber<T> Defines a number type which can represent both positive and negative values. IUnsignedNumber<Tself> Defines a number type that can only represent positive values. IBinaryNumber<T> Defines a number that is represented in a base-2 format. IBinaryInteger<T> Defines an integer type that is represented in a base-2 format. IFloatingPoint<T> Defines a floating-point type. IFloatingPointIeee754<T> Defines an IEEE 754 floating-point type. IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<T> Defines an IEEE 754 floating-point type that is represented in a base-2 format.

Generic Math Interfaces

  • IComparable<T>

    Defines a generalized comparison method that a value type or class implements to create a type-specific comparison method for ordering or sorting its instances.

  • IConvertible

    Defines methods that convert the value of the implementing reference or value type to a common language runtime type that has an equivalent value.

  • IEquatable<T>

    Defines a generalized method that a value type or class implements to create a type-specific method for determining equality of instances.

  • IParsable<T>

    Defines a mechanism for parsing a string to a value.

  • ISpanParsable<T>

    Defines a mechanism for parsing a span of characters to a value.

  • IAdditionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for computing the sum of two values. Provides operators: +

  • IBitwiseOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for performing bitwise operations over two values. Provides operators: &, |, ^, ~

  • IComparisonOperators<TSelf,TSelf,bool>

    Defines a mechanism for comparing two values to determine relative order. Provides operators: >, >=, <, <=

  • IDecrementOperators<T>

    Defines a mechanism for decrementing a given value. Provides operators: --

  • IDivisionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for computing the quotient of two values. Provides operators: /

  • IEqualityOperators<TSelf,TSelf,bool>

    Defines a mechanism for comparing two values to determine equality. Provides operators: ==, !=

  • IIncrementOperators<T>

    Defines a mechanism for incrementing a given value. Provides operators: ++

  • IModulusOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for computing the modulus or remainder of two values. Provides operators: %

  • IMultiplyOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for computing the product of two values. Provides operators: *

  • IShiftOperators<TSelf,int,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for shifting a value by another value. Provides operators: <<, >>, <<<

  • ISubtractionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for computing the difference of two values. Provides operators: -

  • IUnaryNegationOperators<TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for computing the unary negation of a value. Provides operators: -

  • IUnaryPlusOperators<TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for computing the unary plus of a value. Provides operators: +

  • IAdditiveIdentity<TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for getting the additive identity of a given type.

  • IMultiplicativeIdentity<TSelf,TSelf>

    Defines a mechanism for getting the multiplicative identity of a given type.

  • IMinMaxValue<T>

    Defines a mechanism for getting the minimum and maximum value of a type.

  • IExponentialFunctions<T>

    Defines support for exponential functions.

  • IFloatingPointConstants<T>

    Defines support for floating-point constants, like E, Pi, Tau

  • IHyperbolicFunctions<T>

    Defines support for hyperbolic functions.

  • ILogarithmicFunctions<T>

    Defines support for logarithmic functions.

  • IPowerFunctions<T>

    Defines support for power functions.

  • IRootFunctions<T>

    Defines support for root functions.

  • ITrigonometricFunctions<T>

    Defines support for trigonometric functions.

Interfaces / Types SByte, Int16, Int32, Int64 Int128 Byte, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64 UInt128 Half Single, Double Decimal Complex BigInteger
INumberBase<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
INumber<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
ISignedNumber<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IUnsignedNumber<Tself> √ √
IBinaryNumber<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IBinaryInteger<T> √ √ √ √ √
IFloatingPoint<T> √ √ √
IFloatingPointIeee754<T> √ √
IBinaryFloatingPointIeee754<T> √ √
IComparable<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IConvertible √ √ √ √
IEquatable<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IParsable<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
ISpanParsable<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IAdditionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IBitwiseOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IComparisonOperators<TSelf,TSelf,bool> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IDecrementOperators<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IDivisionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IEqualityOperators<TSelf,TSelf,bool> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IIncrementOperators<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IModulusOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IMultiplyOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IShiftOperators<TSelf,int,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √
ISubtractionOperators<TSelf,TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IUnaryNegationOperators<TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IUnaryPlusOperators<TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IAdditiveIdentity<TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IMultiplicativeIdentity<TSelf,TSelf> √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IMinMaxValue<T> √ √ √ √ √ √ √
IExponentialFunctions<T> √ √
IFloatingPointConstants<T> √ √ √
IHyperbolicFunctions<T> √ √
ILogarithmicFunctions<T> √ √
IPowerFunctions<T> √ √
IRootFunctions<T> √ √
ITrigonometricFunctions<T> √ √